Magnetic tape storage medium

ABSTRACT

A magnetic tape storage medium includes at least one servo band with at least two sub-bands along a longitudinal extension of the medium. Servo bursts are written to the sub-bands to determine positional information of the medium. A first of the sub-bands includes a first burst with at least one servo stripe inclined at a first non-zero angle with respect to a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal extension of the medium followed by a second burst comprising at least one servo stripe inclined at a second non-zero angle with respect to the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal extension of the medium, which second angle is different from the first angle. A second of the sub-bands includes a first burst having at least one servo stripe followed by a second burst having at least one servo stripe, the first and the second bursts parallel to each other.

FOREIGN PRIORITY

This application claims priority to Great Britain Patent Application No.1407769.7, filed May 2, 2014, and all the benefits accruing therefromunder 35 U.S.C. §119, the contents of which in its entirety are hereinincorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to a magnetic tape storage medium forstoring data, a write head module, a method for writing a servo patternto a magnetic tape storage medium, a head module, and a method forreading a servo pattern from a magnetic tape storage medium.

A magnetic tape storage medium typically includes servo informationprerecorded in one or more of dedicated servo bands that extend next todata tracks for storing data in a longitudinal direction along the tapestorage medium. A servo band typically is read by a dedicated servoreader of a head module of a tape drive, into which a cartridgecontaining the tape storage medium is inserted to. The read servoinformation allows for determining a lateral deviation of the tapestorage medium from a lateral reference position, which lateralreference position is desired for correctly reading data from andwriting data to the tape storage medium by dedicated read and writeelements of the head module. A position error signal supplied by theservo reader may be translated into a control signal for an actuator forcontrolling the lateral position of the head module with respect to thetape storage medium.

Timing-based servo (TBS) is a technology developed specifically forlinear tape drives in the late '90s. In TBS systems, recorded servopatterns include transitions with at least two different azimuthalslopes. The head module lateral position is derived from the relativetiming of pulses generated by a servo reader reading the servo pattern.TBS was adopted by the linear tape open (LTO) consortium, and a completeformat for LTO tape drives of the first generation was standardized bythe European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA) in 2001 asECMA-319. The servo patterns in LTO are written on five dedicated servobands that straddle four data bands.

SUMMARY

In one embodiment, magnetic tape storage medium includes at least oneservo band with at least two sub-bands along a longitudinal extension ofthe tape storage medium; servo bursts written to the at least twosub-bands for supporting to determine positional information of the tapestorage medium; wherein, in a first of the at least two sub-bands, afirst burst comprises at least one servo stripe inclined at a firstnon-zero angle with respect to a direction orthogonal to thelongitudinal extension of the tape storage medium, followed by a secondburst comprising at least one servo stripe inclined at a second non-zeroangle with respect to the direction orthogonal to the longitudinalextension of the tape storage medium, which second angle is differentfrom the first angle; wherein, in a second of the at least twosub-bands, a first burst comprises at least one servo stripe followed bya second burst comprising at least one servo stripe, which stripes ofthe first and the second burst are parallel to each other.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic top view on a section of a tape storage mediumaccording to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cutout in area Z of the tape storage medium of FIG. 1 in topview according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a top view on a geometry of a servo pattern as used in thefirst sub-band of a tape storage medium according to an embodiment ofthe present invention,

FIG. 4 is a schematic top view on a geometry of a write head module forwriting a servo pattern according to an embodiment of the presentinvention,

FIG. 5 a is a top view and 5 b is a side cut of a write head module forwriting a servo pattern according to another embodiment of the presentinvention; and

FIG. 6 is a top view of a write head module for writing a servo patternaccording to a further embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

According to one aspect of the invention, a magnetic tape storage mediumis provided comprising at least one servo band with at least twosub-bands along a longitudinal extension of the tape storage medium, andservo bursts written to the at least two sub-bands for supporting todetermine positional information. A first of the at least two sub-bandsincludes a first burst comprising at least one servo stripe inclined ata first non-zero angle with respect to a direction orthogonal to thelongitudinal extension of the tape storage medium followed by a secondburst comprising at least one servo stripe inclined at a second non-zeroangle with respect to the direction orthogonal to the longitudinalextension of the tape storage medium which second angle is differentfrom the first angle. A second of the at least two sub-bands includes afirst burst comprising at least one servo stripe followed by a secondburst comprising at least one servo stripe, which stripes of the firstand the second burst are parallel to each other.

In embodiments, the magnetic tape storage medium may include one or moreof the following features: the stripes of the first and the second burstof the second sub-band are aligned orthogonal to the longitudinalextension of the tape storage medium; the stripes of the first and thesecond burst of the second sub-band are aligned non-orthogonal to thelongitudinal extension of the tape storage medium; the number of stripesin the first burst of the first sub-band is equal to the number ofstripes in the second burst of the first sub-band; the number of stripesin the first burst of the second sub-band is equal to the number ofstripes in the second burst of the second sub-band; the number ofstripes in the first burst of the first sub-band is equal to the numberof stripes in the first burst of the second sub-band; the number ofstripes in the second burst of the first sub-band is equal to the numberof stripes in the second burst of the second sub-band; the number ofstripes in the first burst of the first sub-band is different from thenumber of stripes in the first burst of the second sub-band; the numberof stripes in the second burst of the first sub-band is different fromthe number of stripes in the second burst of the second sub-band; thefirst stripe of the first burst in the first sub-band crosses acenterline of the first sub-band at the same longitudinal position ofthe tape storage medium as the first stripe of the first burst in thesecond sub-band crosses a centerline of the second sub-band; the firststripe of the second burst in the first sub-band crosses the centerlineof the first sub-band at the same longitudinal position as the firststripe of the second burst in the second sub-band crosses the centerlineof the second sub-band; each stripe of the first burst in the firstsub-band crosses the centerline of the first sub-band at the samelongitudinal position as the corresponding stripe of the first burst inthe second sub-band crosses the centerline of the second sub-band; eachstripe of the second burst in the first sub-band crosses the centerlineof the first sub-band at the same longitudinal position as thecorresponding stripe of the second burst in the second sub-band crossesthe centerline of the second sub-band; the first burst in the firstsub-band and the first burst in the second sub-band are mirrored intothe second burst of the first sub-band and the second burst of thesecond sub-band at a common centerline orthogonal to the longitudinalextension of the tape storage medium between the first and second burstsof the first and second sub-band.

A servo frame of the first sub-band includes the first burst and thesecond burst and a third burst following the second burst and a fourthburst following the third burst; a servo frame of the second sub-bandincludes the first burst and the second burst and a third burstfollowing the second burst and a fourth burst following the third burst;the third burst of the first sub-band includes at least one servo stripeinclined at a first non-zero angle with respect to a directionorthogonal to the longitudinal extension of the tape storage mediumfollowed by at least one servo stripe of the fourth burst of the firstsub-band inclined at a second non-zero angle with respect to thedirection orthogonal to the longitudinal extension of the tape storagemedium, which second angle is different from the first angle; the thirdburst of the second sub-band includes at least one servo stripe followedby at least one servo stripe of the fourth burst of the second sub-band,which stripes of the third and the fourth burst of the second sub-bandare parallel to each other; the number of stripes in the third burst ofeach of the first and second sub-band is different to the number ofstripes of the first burst of each of the first and second sub-band; thenumber of stripes in the fourth burst of each of the first and secondsub-band is different to the number of stripes in the second burst ofeach of the first and second sub-band; a third of the at least twosub-bands includes a first burst comprising at least one servo stripefollowed by a second burst comprising at least one servo stripe whichstripes of the first and the second burst of the third sub-band areparallel to each other; the first sub-band is arranged between the thirdsub-band and the second sub-band; additional information is encoded inthe servo bursts of one or more of the first and the second sub-band;the additional information includes one or more of a servo bandidentifier and a longitudinal position of the tape storage medium.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a write headmodule is provided for writing a servo pattern to a magnetic tapestorage medium, and in particular for writing the first and second servobursts of the first and second sub-band of a tape storage mediumaccording to any one of the embodiments thereof. The write head moduleincludes at least one coil for generating a magnetic flux when applyingan electric current thereto. The write head module further includes apole piece structure for guiding the generated magnetic flux. The polepiece structure includes a first section for writing a servo pattern toa first sub-band of a servo band of the tape storage medium. The firstsection includes a first gap in form of a stripe inclined at a firstnon-zero angle with respect to a direction orthogonal to a longitudinalextension of the tape storage medium when being written, and a secondgap in form of a stripe inclined at a second non-zero angle with respectto a direction orthogonal to a longitudinal extension of the tapestorage medium when being written, which second angle is different fromthe first angle. The pole piece structure further includes a secondsection next to the first section for writing a servo pattern to asecond sub-band of the servo band of the tape storage medium. The secondsection includes a first gap in form of a stripe, and a second gap inform of a stripe, which first and second gap are parallel to each other.

In embodiments, the write head module may include one or more of thefollowing features: a single coil for generating the magnetic fluxacross the first and the second gap of the first section and the firstand the second gap of the second section when applying an electriccurrent to the single coil; a first coil for generating the magneticflux across the first and the second gap of the first section whenapplying an electric current thereto, and a second coil for generatingthe magnetic flux across the first and the second gap of the secondsection when applying an electric current thereto; the electric currentto the first coil and the electric current to the second coil areindependently applicable.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a method isprovided for writing a servo pattern to a magnetic tape storage mediumby means of a write head module comprising a single coil. The magnetictape storage medium is moved with its servo band across the first andsecond gaps of the write head module in a direction along thelongitudinal extension of the magnetic tape storage medium. A currentpulse is applied to the coil. The magnetic tape storage medium iscontinued to be moved, and another current pulse is applied to the coil.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a method isprovided for writing a servo pattern to a magnetic tape storage mediumby means of a write head module comprising two coils. The magnetic tapestorage medium is moved with its servo band across the first and secondgaps of the write head module in a direction along the longitudinalextension of the magnetic tape storage medium. A current pulse isapplied to the first coil. The magnetic tape storage medium is continuedto be moved, and a current pulse is applied to the second coil. In apreferred embodiment, a current pulse is additionally applied to thesecond coil simultaneous to applying the current pulse to the firstcoil.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a read head moduleis provided that is configured for reading from a servo band of amagnetic tape storage medium according to any one of the embodimentsthereof. The head module includes a first servo reader arranged forreading from the first sub-band and a second servo reader arranged forreading from the second sub-band. In particular, the first and thesecond servo reader are arranged in the head module next to each other.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a method isprovided for reading from a magnetic tape storage medium according toany one of the embodiments thereof. The first and the second burst ofthe first sub-band are read by a first servo reader. A first timeinterval is determined between appearances of two corresponding stripesof the first and the second burst in the read-back signal of the firstservo reader. The first and the second servo burst of the secondsub-band are read by a second servo reader. A second time interval isdetermined between appearances of two corresponding stripes of the firstand the second burst in the read-back signal of the second servo reader.A lateral position of a head module containing the first and the secondservo reader with respect to the tape storage medium is determineddependent on the first and the second time interval.

In a preferred embodiment of the read method, an average first timeinterval is determined for the appearances of any two correspondingstripes of the first and second burst in the read-back signal of thefirst servo reader. An average second time interval is determined forthe appearances of any two corresponding stripes of the first and secondburst in the read-back signal of the second servo reader. The lateralposition of the head module is determined dependent on a ratio of theaverage first time interval and the average second time interval.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer programmedium is provided containing computer program code means forimplementing a method according to any one of the previous embodimentswhen executed on a processor unit.

It is understood that method steps may be executed in a different orderthan listed in a method claim. Such different order shall also beincluded in the scope of such claim as is the order of steps aspresently listed.

Embodiments described in relation to the aspect of an apparatus shallalso be considered as embodiments disclosed in connection with any ofthe other categories such as the method, the computer program product,etc.

As an introduction to the following description, it is first pointed ata general aspect of the invention, concerning a magnetic tape storagemedium for storing data.

Such magnetic tape storage medium (also abbreviated as tape) may bearranged in a cartridge which cartridge may be inserted into a tapedrive for reading data from the magnetic tape storage medium and writingdata to the magnetic tape storage medium. The magnetic tape storagemedium has a longitudinal extension and a width orthogonal to itslongitudinal extension. The magnetic tape is wound on one or more reelswhich are driven by the tape drive in order to make the magnetic tapestorage medium pass by a head module for reading and/or writing datafrom and/or to the magnetic tape storage medium. The magnetic tapestorage medium typically is preformatted with servo information. Thisservo information in form of servo patterns enables the head module topick up information as to a lateral position of the head module withrespect to the magnetic tape storage medium, which lateral position is aposition orthogonal to the longitudinal extension of the magnetic tapestorage medium. Such position information may be converted into acontrol signal for the head module to laterally readjust the head modulein case a deviation from a lateral reference position is detected whichlateral reference position is desired to be maintained by the headmodule for correctly reading data from and writing data to the tape bydedicated read and write elements of the head module. The deviationsignal, also denoted as position error signal (PES), is typicallysupplied by a servo channel processing the signal from a dedicated servoreader of the head module and may be translated into a control signalfor an actuator for controlling the lateral position of the head modulewith respect to the tape. Given that in one embodiment the servo readerand any other read and/or write element of the head module are commonlyactuated by the actuator, a rapid correction of the head moduledeviation may be achieved during reading and/or writing data from and/orto the tape.

The servo information typically is preformatted on dedicated areas ofthe tape, also denoted as servo bands extending along the longitudinalextension of the tape. The servo information typically is prerecorded inthe one or more servo bands by the tape manufacturer. The one or moreservo bands extend next to data bands for storing data. Each data bandmay contain multiple data tracks, wherein each data track is providedfor sequentially storing data.

At least one servo band, and preferably all of the servo bands includeat least two sub-bands extending next to each other along thelongitudinal extension of the tape storage medium. Preferably, the, oreach servo band includes two sub-bands, or, in another embodiment, threesub-bands. As a result, within a servo band two different servo patternsmay be written to every sub-band. Accordingly, a head module accordingto an embodiment of the invention includes two servo readers next toeach other for reading from one servo-band, i.e., for reading the servopatterns from the two sub-bands of this servo band. For the case ofthree servo sub-bands, the two servo readers read information from thefirst and second servo sub bands during tape transport in one directionand from the second and third servo sub-bands during tape transport inthe opposite direction.

For each of the sub-bands per servo band it is preferred that the servoinformation represented by servo patterns is organized in multiple servoframes with each servo frame containing a servo pattern. A servo framemay, for example, be considered as a unit containing servo informationaccording to a specific arrangement. In the present embodiment, a servoframe, and preferably each servo frame of a sub-band may containmultiple bursts. Each burst preferably includes a sub-pattern which inthe present embodiment is defined by an orientation of a set of stripesof magnetic transitions. The set may at minimum contain one stripe. Incase of multiple stripes per set, the stripes of a common set arepreferably arranged in parallel to each other.

A first one of the at least two sub-bands of the respective servo bandincludes at least two bursts. The one or more stripes in the first burstare inclined at a first angle with respect to a direction orthogonal tothe longitudinal extension of the tape storage medium, which angle isalso referred to as azimuthal angle. The first burst is followed by asecond burst in which second burst the one or more servo stripes areinclined at a second angle with respect to a direction orthogonal to thelongitudinal extension of the tape, which second angle is different fromthe first angle. This means that the stripes of neighboring bursts inthe first sub-band are not parallel to each other. In a preferredembodiment, the first angle is +α while the second angle is β=−α withrespect to the lateral axis. In such arrangement of stripes withinconsecutive bursts, an interval between pulses generated by the servoreader when scanning the first and the second burst indicates a lateralposition of the servo reader, and as such a deviation of the servoreader from its reference position, and as such a deviation of theposition of the head module relative to the tape storage medium. Forexample, in case the lateral reference position is in the middle of theservo band and the head module is offset from such middle position, adistance between a stripe of the first burst to a corresponding stripeof the second burst in a lateral offset scenario is different than adistance when the head module matches the reference position in themiddle of the servo band due to the stripes inclined at different anglesin the two bursts. A distance of corresponding stripes is reflected inthe read-back signal supplied by a servo reader of the head module by atime interval between appearances of the stripes in form of dibits.Hence, a timing based evaluation of the position error signal suppliedin form of pulses by the subject servo reader can be performed.

A second one of the at least two sub-bands of the respective servo bandpreferably includes a first burst comprising at least one servo stripefollowed by a second burst comprising at least one servo stripe whichstripes of the first and the second burst of the second sub-band areparallel to each other. In contrast to the first sub-band where thestripes of the first and second burst are aligned non-parallel to eachother, the stripes of the first and the second burst of the secondsub-band are parallel to each other. However, while in a preferredembodiment, the stripes of the first and the second burst of the secondsub-band are arranged orthogonal to the longitudinal extension of thetape storage medium, in a different embodiment, the stripes of the firstand the second burst of the second sub-band are arranged non-orthogonalto the longitudinal extension of the tape storage medium, e.g., at anangle, and preferably at one of the first and the second angle whichdefine the orientation of stripes in the first and the second bursts inthe first sub-band.

In an embodiment of a method for reading from a magnetic tape storagemedium with a servo band set-up such as described in any one of theprevious embodiments, the first and the second sub-band of the servoband are read by two dedicated servo readers, i.e., the bursts of thefirst sub-band are read by a first servo reader, and the bursts of thesecond sub-band are read by a second servo reader. Given that the firstand the second servo reader are mechanically coupled, they read theirassociate sub-band substantially simultaneously. Generally, in any ofthe read-back signals of the servo readers an appearance of a stripe inthe assigned sub-band may take the form of a dibit. A first timeinterval may be determined between an appearance of two correspondingstripes of the first and second burst in the read-back signal of thefirst servo reader. Corresponding stripes are regarded as the stripes ofdifferent bursts that have the same number in a sequence of stripes ofthese bursts. The first time interval preferably is a difference betweenthe appearances of the dibits corresponding to the stripes in theread-back signal of the first servo reader. As indicated above, suchfirst time interval may indicate a lateral position of the head modulewith respect to the tape storage medium, or a deviation of the firstservo reader of the head module from a centerline of the first sub-band.However, for defining the position or deviation as a distance measure,the time interval needs to be converted into a distance which isachieved by determining a velocity the tape storage medium is currentlyoperated at. The velocity preferably is derived from the read-backsignal of the second servo reader of the head module while reading thesecond sub-band. Since in the second sub-band, the stripes of the firstservo burst and the stripes of the second servo burst are parallel toeach other, dibits in the read-back signal of the second servo readerstemming from corresponding stripes in the first and the second burstalways show the same second time interval irrespective of the lateralposition of the second servo reader. The second time interval solelydepends from the velocity of the tape. Hence, the velocity of the tapecan be determined by the second time interval and a distance between twocorresponding parallel stripes in the first and the second burst of thesecond sub-band which distance is known. As a result, the lateralposition of the head module with respect to the tape storage system canbe determined dependent on the first and the second time interval.

Whenever the first and the second burst of the first sub-band containthe same number of multiple stripes, and the first and the second servoburst of the second sub-band contain the same number of multiplestripes—which, however, may be different from the number of stripes inthe first and second burst of the first sub-band—a determination of thelateral position may even be more precise when using an average of thefirst time intervals between corresponding stripes in the first andsecond bursts of the first sub-band, and when using an average of thesecond time intervals between corresponding stripes in the first andsecond bursts of the second sub-band. Hence, the lateral position may bedetermined dependent on a ratio of the average first time interval andthe average second time interval. The average first time interval may bedetermined by summing up all times at which the stripes of the secondburst in the first sub-band appear and subtracting therefrom the sum ofall times at which the stripes of the first burst in the first sub-bandappear. In an analogous way, the average second time interval may bedetermined by summing up all times at which the stripes of the secondburst in the second sub-band appear and subtracting therefrom the sum ofall times at which the stripes of the first burst in the second sub-bandappear.

In a conventional servo band without any sub-bands, the servo band maybe filled by servo patterns including four bursts wherein five stripesof the first burst are inclined with respect to five stripes of thesecond burst, and wherein four stripes of the third burst are parallelto the five stripes of the first burst, and four stripes of the fourthburst are parallel to the five stripes of the second burst. With such aservo pattern a lateral position estimate signal (also abbreviated asPES) may be obtained, e.g., at the end of the fourth burst by averagingthe four measured time intervals between the arrival times of dibitsstemming from corresponding stripes in the third and fourth burst (acorresponding value is also known as “A-count”) and by averaging thefour measured time intervals between the arrival times of dibitsstemming from corresponding stripes in the second and fourth burst—acorresponding value is also known as “B-count”. Here, the tape velocityis determined from the “B count” and a known or assumed distance betweenthe corresponding stripes of the second and the fourth burst. A secondPES can be obtained by using a different “A-count” obtained from timeintervals of dibits stemming from corresponding stripes of the first andthe second burst. Hence two PES estimates can be obtained per servoframe.

In the conventional TBS technique described in the above paragraph,pairs of servo stripes with opposite azimuthal angles are writtensimultaneously by using a write head module (also referred to as a servowrite head) with a pair of write gaps per servo band. Writing pairs ofstripes simultaneously ensures that a distance between correspondingstripes is fixed and independent from the tape velocity during tapeformatting. However, a distance between adjacent pairs of bursts, forexample, the distance between the second burst and the third burst hasto rely on a constant tape velocity during writing. Any variation in thetape velocity during formatting results in a variation in the distancebetween the second and the third burst, and consequently also in thedistance between the second and the fourth burst and the distance of thefirst and the third burst, any of which distances may be used fordetermining the velocity of the tape storage system. As a result, errorsin the velocity estimates and consequently the PES may occur. Thisphenomenon is referred to as written-in velocity noise, i.e., noise inthe “B counts”.

As described, in conventional systems the tape velocity is measured bydetecting a time difference between corresponding stripes of bursts Nand N+2, which represents a longer distance between the stripes than adistance between corresponding stripes of bursts N and N+1, whichdetermines the time difference the lateral position measure is derivedfrom. Hence, a variation in tape velocity during reading from the servoband may impact determination of the velocity and consequently the PES,too. This phenomenon results in high frequency noise affecting atrack-following system.

Instead, the presently introduced embodiments do not suffer fromwritten-in velocity noise and yet achieve update rates for generatinglateral-position estimates comparable to conventional TBS type patterns.The at least two sub-bands are simultaneously written by a write headmodule containing two pairs of write gaps next to each other for writingthe respective servo patterns to the two sub-bands. It is preferred thatin the write head module a stripe of the first burst of the firstsub-band and a corresponding stripe of the second burst of the firstsub-band are written simultaneously such that a distance between thesecorresponding stripes is fixed, which makes the “A count” be independentfrom any change in write velocity. The same is also true for the “Bcount”, given that a stripe in the first burst of the second sub-bandand a corresponding stripe in the second burst in the second sub-bandare also written simultaneously, such that a distance between thesecorresponding stripes is fixed, which also makes the “B count” beindependent from any change in write velocity.

In an embodiment, groups of four stripes are written simultaneously,e.g., the first stripe of the first and the second burst, as are thesecond, third, fourth and fifth stripes in any of the respective bursts.The distances between pairs of stripes in the first and second burst ofthe first sub-band, the first and second burst of the second sub-band, athird and fourth burst in the first sub-band if any, and a third andfourth burst in the second sub-band if any are therefore fixed andindependent from the tape velocity during servo formatting.

During read operations the servo patterns in both the first and thesecond sub-band are read simultaneously by using a pair of servoreaders. The read-back signal from the first servo reader reading thefirst sub-band is used to determine the “A counts” while the read-backsignal from the second servo reader is used to determine the “B counts”.The “A counts” preferably are determined from a relative timing ofdibits stemming from reading corresponding stripes in the first and thesecond burst, and/or a third and fourth burst if any, by the first servoreader. The “B counts” are preferably determined from the relativetiming of dibits stemming from reading corresponding stripes in thefirst and the second burst of the second sub-band, and/or a third andfourth burst if any, by the second servo reader. Position and velocityinformation are preferably derived from these “A” and “B counts”.

As a result, both “A” and “B counts” are free from written-in velocityerrors. An update rate of values of the lateral position errorestimation is at least not less than in a conventional TBS pattern. Theaverage measurement bandwidth and measurement delay of “A” and “Bcounts” is substantially the same. And any variations in the AB distanceand A′B′ distance between pairs of dibits (stripes) due to tensionvariations during formatting are substantially the same and therefore anoise term arising from this effect is canceled out in the positionestimation. Hence, the geometry of the servo pattern in the embodimentsof the present invention does not increase the length of a conventionalservo pattern, which in turn determines the rate at which positionestimates can be obtained and the delay associated with determining theposition and velocity estimates. Reducing delay and increasing updaterates are both important for improving a closed-loop performance of thetrack following servo system.

In the above context, it is very preferred that the servo frames of thefirst and the second sub-band are arranged synchronous to each other.Synchronization in this context is understood as a servo frame of thefirst sub-band and a servo frame of the second sub-band starting (andending) at the same longitudinal position of the tape. This ensures thatthe lateral deviation and the tape velocity can be measured with respectto servo patterns that were written to the servo band at the samevelocity. Specifically, it is preferred that a first stripe of the firstburst in the first sub-band crosses a centerline of the first sub-bandat the same longitudinal position of the tape storage medium as thefirst stripe of the first burst in the second sub-band crosses acenterline of the second sub-band. The same may be true for the firststripe of the second burst in the first sub-band and the first stripe ofthe second burst in the second sub-band. And in particular, each stripeof the first burst in the first sub-band crosses the centerline of thefirst sub-band at the same longitudinal position as the correspondingstripe of the first burst in the second sub-band crosses the centerlineof the second sub-band. The same may hold for each stripe of the secondburst in the first sub-band and the corresponding stripes of the secondburst in the second sub-band.

In the first sub-band the number of stripes in the first burst is equalto the number of stripes in the second burst, such that a first stripeof the first burst inclined at a positive angle has a correspondingfirst stripe of the second burst at a negative angle, a second stripe ofthe first burst (if any) inclined at a positive angle has acorresponding second stripe of the second burst at a negative angle, andso on.

In another embodiment, a servo frame of the first sub-band includes fourservo bursts wherein the first and the third servo bursts includestripes parallel to each other, and wherein the second and the fourthservo bursts include stripes parallel to each other. However, thestripes of neighboring servo bursts are not parallel to each other.Hence, a servo frame of the first sub-band may in addition to the firstand the second burst include a third burst following the second burstand a fourth burst following the third burst. As with the first and thesecond burst of the first sub-band, the third burst includes at leastone servo stripe inclined at a first non-zero angle, and preferably thesame angle as the one or more stripes of the first burst with respect toa direction orthogonal to the longitudinal extension of the tape storagemedium. The at least one servo stripe of the fourth burst is inclined ata second non-zero angle, and preferably the same angle as the one ormore stripes of the second burst with respect to the directionorthogonal to the longitudinal extension of the tape storage medium. Itis preferred that the number of stripes of the third burst is differentfrom the number of stripes of the first burst and the number of stripesof the fourth burst is different from the number of stripes of thesecond burst. However, it is preferred that the number of stripes in thethird burst is equal to the number of stripes in the fourth burst, suchthat a first stripe in the third burst inclined at a positive angle hasa corresponding first stripe in the fourth burst at a negative angle, asecond stripe in the third burst (if any) inclined at a positive anglehas a corresponding second stripe in the fourth burst at a negativeangle, and so on.

In an embodiment, a servo frame of the second sub-band includes fourservo bursts, i.e., the first burst and the second burst, and a thirdburst following the second burst and a fourth burst following the thirdburst. The third burst includes at least one servo stripe followed by atleast one servo stripe in the fourth burst, which stripes of the thirdand the fourth burst of the second sub-band are parallel to each other.It may be preferred that the number of stripes in the third burst of thesecond sub-band is different to the number of stripes in the first burstof the second sub-band, and the number of stripes of the fourth burst inthe second sub-band is different to the number of stripes in the secondburst of the second sub-band. However, it may be preferred that thenumber of stripes in the third and the fourth burst of the secondsub-band is the same. Preferably, the stripes in the third and thefourth burst of the second sub-band have the same orientation as thestripes in the first and the second burst of the second sub-band.

In an embodiment, the number of stripes in the first burst of the firstsub-band is equal to the number of stripes in the first burst of thesecond sub-band, and the number of stripes in the second burst of thefirst sub-band is equal to the number of stripes in the second burst ofthe second sub-band. A write head module supporting writing such servopatterns preferably writes four stripes of the servo band at the sametime, i.e., a stripe of the first burst in the first sub-band, acorresponding stripe of the second burst in the first sub-band, a stripein the first burst of the second sub-band, and a corresponding stripe inthe second burst of the second sub-band. For doing so, it is preferredthat a pole piece structure is provided in the write head modulecontaining four gaps for writing the four stripes and one coil forgenerating a magnetic flux across all the four gaps when applying anelectric current to the coil. The gaps are preferably arranged in two bytwo, in a first and a second section of the write head module next toeach other. The gaps are aligned corresponding to the stripes to bewritten. In a different embodiment, two coils are provided in the writehead module. One of the coils is provided for generating a magnetic fluxacross the two write gaps of the first section of the write head modulefor writing the stripes of the first and the second burst of the firstsub-band. The other coil is provided for generating a magnetic fluxacross the two write gaps of the second section of the write head modulefor writing the stripes of the first and the second burst of the secondsub-band. In this embodiment, the stripes of the first sub-band can bewritten independent from the stripes of the first sub-band such that thebursts in the first and the second sub-band may show a different numberof stripes per corresponding burst.

In the first variant of the write head module servo patterns can bewritten to the two sub-bands by moving the magnetic tape storage mediumwith its servo band across the first and second gaps of the write headmodule in a direction along the longitudinal extension of the magnetictape storage medium and applying a current pulse to the coil while thetape moves. The tape then is continued to be moved and after a definedtime another current pulse is applied to the same coil, each time forwriting four stripes at the same time, two in the first sub-band, andtwo in the second sub-band. In the second variant a current pulse may beapplied to the first coil, then the magnetic tape storage medium may bemoved for a defined time, and a current pulse is applied to the secondcoil. In this variant, the stripes of the first and the second sub-bandmay be arranged offset from each other. However, in addition to applyingthe current pulse to the first coil, another current pulse maysimultaneously be applied to the second coil such that only every otherstripe in the second sub-band is offset from the stripes in the firstsub-band.

In another embodiment of the present invention, additional informationmay be encoded into the servo patterns of one or more of the sub-bands.Specifically, a single symbol of an M-ary alphabet may be encoded perservo frame. Therefore, for encoding a word containing x M-ary symbols,x servo frames may be used. Within a servo frame, the symbol may beencoded redundantly in more than one burst, or may not be encodedredundantly on a burst basis such that only a single burst holds theencoded information. In a preferred embodiment, a servo frame of thefirst sub-band includes four bursts and a symbol may be encoded only intwo consecutive bursts, and preferably in the first two bursts. However,other encoding configurations within a servo frame may be possible.Within a burst, and provided that a burst holds a sub-pattern in form ofa set of parallel stripes, only a subset of the set of stripes may beused for encoding a symbol. In one embodiment, a single stripe of theset of stripes may be used for encoding a symbol. In another embodiment,multiple stripes, e.g., two stripes out of the set of stripes of a burstmay be encoded with a symbol, and preferably all the stripes may beencoded by the same symbol which is the single symbol encoded in thepresent servo frame. Encoding a symbol redundantly into multiple stripesand/or into multiple bursts and/or into the servo frames of multiplesub-bands further improves a reliable decoding of such symbol.

Specifically, the additional information may be information as to apresently scanned longitudinal position of the tape. Such longitudinalposition information, also denoted as LPOS, may in one embodiment beencoded in the servo patterns. Hence, the longitudinal position of thetape may be identified based on the LPOS information read by the servoreader. The LPOS information may be used for winding the tape media to agiven longitudinal position and, for example, starting reading and/orwriting at such specified longitudinal position. Other information suchas a servo band identifier or manufacturing information may be addedtoo, which, for example, may indicate the manufacturer of the tapecartridge, the date of manufacturing the tape cartridge, information asto the standard the present cartridge may conform to, etc.

In the figures, same or similar elements are denoted by the samereference signs.

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic top view on a section of a tape 1according to an embodiment of the present invention. The tape 1 has alongitudinal extension in x direction and a lateral extension in ydirection. Servo bands 11 and data bands 12 extend along thelongitudinal extension of the tape 1. Each data band 12 is arranged inbetween two servo bands 11. Each data band 12 contains multiple datatracks wherein preferably multiple of these data tracks of a data band12 are written and/or read simultaneously in case a head module of thetape drive provides multiple write and/or read elements. Each servo band11 contains servo patterns arranged in at least two sub-bands along thelongitudinal extension of the tape 1 which sub-bands are not shown indetail in FIG. 1.

FIG. 2 illustrates a cutout of area Z of the tape 1 of FIG. 1. Hence,FIG. 2 provides an illustration of sample servo patterns in servo framesSF and SF′ in a first sub-band 111 and a second sub-band 112 of a servoband 11, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Generally,a servo frame may represent a longitudinal section of the servo bandcontaining a defined core pattern, which core pattern, for example, isdefined by the number of stripes, their orientation and their sequence,and a burst may contain a sub-portion of the core pattern contained inthe servo frame. In the present context, a burst preferably containsconsecutive stripes of the same orientation. In the present example, theservo frame SF in the first sub-band 111 includes eighteen servo stripesorganized in four bursts A, B, C and D of five or four stripes. Eachstripe is oriented at an azimuthal angle α or β with respect to thelateral extension of the tape 1 in y-direction, in the present exampleof either α=+18° or β=−α=−18°. In the present example the servo frameSF′ in the second sub-band 112 includes eighteen servo stripes organizedin four bursts A′, B′, C′ and D′ of five or four stripes. The stripes ofthe second sub-band 112 are all aligned in parallel to each other. Thesestripes are all aligned in parallel to the lateral extension y of thetape storage medium, i.e., orthogonal to its longitudinal extension x.

While reading and/or writing data from and/or to the tape, the tapemoves relative to a head module HM in the longitudinal direction x. Inaddition, the head module HM preferably is movable in the lateraldirection y, i.e., transverse to the direction x, by means of a suitableactuator. However, due to a lateral offset of the tape with respect tothe head module HM, a misalignment of both may occur. For realigning thetape with the head module HM, the position of the head module HMrelative to the tape 1 is estimated from a relative timing of pulses(a.k.a. dibits) generated by servo readers SR1 and SR2 of the headmodule HM reading the servo stripes/patterns from the sub-bands 111 and112 during tape drive operation. The servo readers SR1 and SR2 aremechanically coupled in the head module HM along with one or more datareaders and/or writers for reading and/or writing data from a data bandadjacent to the servo band 11.

In particular, in the present example of FIG. 2, a servo channelassigned to the second servo reader SR2 supports estimating a tapevelocity by measuring a time difference between the appearance of pairsof stripes in the different bursts of the second sub-band 112 in theform of pulses in the read-back signal of the second servo reader SR2,e.g., between corresponding stripes/pulses of the A′- and the C′-burstand/or between corresponding stripes/pulses of the B′- and D′-burst.

By comparing the relative timing of pulses generated by pairs of stripeswith opposite azimuthal angles, e.g., between A- and B-burst stripesand/or C- and D-bursts stripes, combined with the above mentionedvelocity estimate, the servo channel can further estimate the lateralposition of the head module. In case a deviation is detected between thehead module and the tape, a control unit may, in a closed-looptrack-following control system, control the actuator of the head moduleand laterally reposition the head module such that the head module islaterally realigned with the tape. In general, stripes of consecutivebursts within a servo frame, residing at the same position, i.e., ann-th position, are denoted as a pair of stripes, or correspondingstripes.

In the example of FIG. 2, the longitudinal position of the first stripein the first burst A′ is referred to as xA and the longitudinal positionof the first stripe in the second burst B′ is referred to as xB. Thedistance xB−xA is known. By building a time difference tB′−tA′ at whichthe stripes occur as pulses in the read-back signal of the second servoreader SR2, the tape velocity v can be determined byv=(xB−xA)/(tB′−tA′). The “B-count interval” in FIG. 2 refers to suchapproach. Preferably, an average value of the velocity is formed byaveraging the velocities for each of the corresponding stripes, e.g., inthe A′- and B′-burst.

The second servo reader SR2 presently is arranged on a centerline CL2 ofthe second sub-band 112 which may represent a desired alignment betweenthe head module HM and the tape 1. So is the first servo reader SR1 on acenterline CL1 of the first sub-band 111. By comparing the relativetiming of pulses generated by pairs of stripes with opposite azimuthalangles, e.g., between A- and B-burst stripes and/or C- and D-burstsstripes in the first sub-band 111, corresponding time differences may bedetermined, such as tB−tA. The time difference tB−tA depends on thelateral position y of the first servo reader SR1 with respect to thefirst sub-band 111. For example, when the first servo reader SR1 isdeviated above the first centerline CL1, the time difference is less inview of the inclination of the corresponding stripes than when the firstservo reader SR1 is deviated below the first centerline CL1. The“A-count interval” in FIG. 2 refers to such approach, a constant tapevelocity provided. In order to convert the time difference into adistance measure and finally a deviation distance, the tape velocity isrequired which is determined from the read-back signal of the secondservo reader SR2 as is explained above.

Hence, a lateral position y of the head module HM can be estimated, inone embodiment, by summing up all time differences tB−tA ofcorresponding stripes of the bursts A and B in the first sub-band 111,and by dividing this sum by the sum of all time differences tB′−tA′ ofcorresponding stripes of the bursts A′ and B′ in the second sub-band112. In case that a deviation between the head module HM and the tape 1is determined, a control unit may, in a closed-loop control, control theactuator of the head module and laterally reposition the head modulesuch that the tape head is laterally realigned with the tape.

As shown in the embodiment of FIG. 2, it is preferred, that the stripesin the first and the second sub-band 111, 112 take the same longitudinalposition x with reference to the respective sub-band centerlines CL1,CL2, i.e., the first stripe in burst A has a position xA on thecenterline CL1, which corresponds to the position of the first stripe inburst A′ on the centerline CL2. This effects that the tape velocitymeasured by means of the servo frame SF′ in the second sub-band 112 ismeasured at the same time the lateral deviation measure is taken fromthe servo frame SF in the first sub-band 111.

In the example of FIG. 2, the first burst A in the first sub-band 111and the first burst A′ in the second sub-band 112 are mirrored into thesecond burst B of the first sub-band 111 and the second burst B′ of thesecond sub-band 112 at a common centerline CO orthogonal to thelongitudinal extension x of the tape storage medium 1 between the firstand second bursts A, A′, B, B′ of the first and second sub-band 111,112.

In the above embodiments, a timing-based servo (TBS) approach is usedwith respect to the servo patterns in the first and second sub-bands111, 112. The TBS approach makes use of scanning servo burstssequentially arranged along the two sub-bands of a servo band. The twosub-bands are arranged next to each other and each is scanned by adedicated servo reader of a common head module. Each servo burst in thefirst sub-band preferably includes a pattern that extends throughout awidth of the sub-band and in addition shows an asymmetry both withrespect to a longitudinal centerline of the first sub-band and withrespect to a lateral axis, such that for each position of the servoreader being laterally offset from its reference position pulses in theposition error signal show up at different times with respect to a pulsethat would originate from a servo reader being positioned in itsreference position. Preferably, the lateral position measure derivedfrom the read-back signal of the first servo reader is interpreted byinformation contained in pulses in the read-back signal of the secondservo reader.

In an embodiment, the servo band may include a third sub-band, e.g., ontop of the first sub-band 111 in FIG. 2. In the third sub-band, theservo pattern of the second sub-band may be repeated, such that at leasta first and a second burst of the third sub-band include stripesparallel to each other. This may enhance availability of servoinformation.

FIG. 3 illustrates a modification of the servo frame SF written to thefirst sub-band 111 of FIG. 2. Now, additional information is encoded inthe servo frame SF.

Again, the A- and B-bursts include five stripes each, whereas the C- andD-bursts include four stripes each. The stripes of the A-burst and theC-burst are arranged in parallel, and the stripes of the B-burst and theD-burst are arranged in parallel. The stripes of the A-burst and theC-burst are inclined by an angle α of +12° degrees with respect to thelateral axis y, and the stripes of the B-burst and the D-burst areinclined by an angle α of −12° degrees with respect to the lateral axisy. A stripe width of 1.26 μm may be used, for example, and the distancebetween stripes of the same servo burst may, for example, be 3 μm.

In the present example, a pulse position modulation (PPM) is used forencoding the additional information. The stripes the modulation isapplied to are the second and fourth stripes of each of the A- andB-burst. A modulation that represents one of the M symbols of analphabet may, for example, show an offset of the subject stripe—whichoffset is also denoted as modulation depth—of, e.g., 0.167 μm. In thepresent example, the symbol is encoded by modulating the pulse positionof the second stripe in the A-burst by −0.167 μm and simultaneouslymodulating the pulse position of the fourth stripe in the A-burst by+0.167 μm. The same encoding is repeated in the B-burst. An LPOS word inthe present example may, for example, contain 36 symbols represented by36 servo frames, and may provide information on a specific absolutelongitudinal address. Therefore, an LPOS word may appear every 5.47 mmdown the tape media, i.e., once every 36 servo frames, each of which is152 μm long and encodes 1 symbol of information.

FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of a write head module 2 for writing aservo pattern to a servo band as shown in FIG. 2, e.g., at a tapemanufacturer. The write head module 2 includes two sections 21 and 22next to each other, each with two write gaps. In the first section 21,two write gaps 211 and 212 are provided and inclined with respect toeach other for simultaneously writing a pair of stripes in the firstsub-band 111, e.g., according to FIG. 2. In the second section 22, twowrite gaps 221 and 222 are arranged in parallel for simultaneouslywriting a pair of stripes in the second sub-band 112, e.g.,corresponding stripes of burst A′ and burst B′ of the second sub-band112, e.g., according to FIG. 2.

It is assumed, that in this embodiment the write head module 2 includesonly a single coil for generating a magnetic flux across all four writegaps 211, 212, 221, 222 when applying an electric current to this singlecoil. Hence, four stripes are written at the same time, two inclinedones to the first sub-band 111, and another two parallel ones to thesecond sub-band 112.

In order to write the first two bursts A, B and A′, B′ of each sub-band111, 112 according to FIG. 2, in a first position of the write headmodule 2 with respect to the tape storage medium a current pulse may beapplied to the single coil of the write head module 2 such that thefirst stripes of each of the bursts A, B and A′, B′ are written. Thenthe tape is moved further and another current pulse is applied to thesingle coil of the write head module 2 for writing the four secondstripes of each of the bursts A, B and A′, B′, and so on.

FIG. 5 illustrates the write head module 2 of FIG. 4 in a differentview. Diagram 5 a) illustrates a top view, and diagram 5 b) a side cutalong the line L-L′. A single coil 4 is wound around a section 34 of apole piece structure 3. Other than that a ring structure RS1 contains ayoke 32, bottom pole 36, yoke 34 and top pole 35. The top pole 35contains the four write gaps 211, 212, 221, 222 in form of openings forwriting the stripes to the tape. Accordingly, the ring structure RS1 atthe same time denotes the magnetic flux induced when a current I_(coil)is applied to the coil 4.

Given that there only is a single coil 4 provided in the embodiment ofFIG. 5, all four stripes are written by applying one current pulseI_(coil) to the coil 4. The magnetic flux RS1, induced by applying thiscurrent pulse I_(coil) generates a magnetization of the part of the tape1 that presently covers the write gaps 211, 212, 221, 222 as isindicated in FIG. 5 b).

FIG. 6 illustrates a view on top of a write head module 2 for writing aservo pattern to a magnetic tape storage medium according to anotherexemplary embodiment. In contrast to the write head module 2 of FIG. 5,the present write head module 2 contains two coils 4 and 5, wherein eachcoil 4, 5 generates a magnetic flux when an electric current I_(coil1),I_(coil2) is applied to the subject coil 4, 5. Hence two magnetic fluxescan be generated independent from each other. Accordingly, there are twopole piece structures 3, 3′ according to the description of the polepiece structure 3 of the embodiment of FIG. 5. The first pole piecestructure 3 now solely embodies the inclined write gaps 211 and 212 butnot the parallel write gaps 221, 222. The parallel write gaps 221, 222are now embodied in the second pole piece structure 3′.

As a result, the inclined stripes of the first sub-band 111 can bewritten independent from the parallel stripes of the second sub-band112. This may be beneficial in that the number of stripes in a burst ofthe first sub-band 111 not necessarily is to be equal to the number ofstripes in the corresponding burst of the second sub-band 112. Whilethis type of write head module also allows for an offset of stripes ofcorresponding bursts in the first and the second sub-band 111, 112, thiswrite head module also allows writing a pattern such as shown in FIG. 2,i.e., applying the current pulses I_(coil1) and I_(coil2)simultaneously. However, additional current pulses may be applied to oneof the coils 4 or 5 such that additional stripes may be written inbetween the stripes of the servo pattern shown in FIG. 2.

This independent writing to each of the sub-bands may in particular beapplied for encoding additional information such as LPOS information inonly one of the sub-bands if desired. Alternatively, differentadditional information may be encoded in the at least two sub-bandswhich allows for an increase of additional information that can beencoded compared to conventional tape storage media.

Instead, if additional information is written by a write head module 2according to FIG. 5 to the servo band 11, the additional information isencoded in a redundant way in the servo frames of both, the firstsub-band 111 and the second sub-band 112. This variant, however, mayhave the advantage that the same additional information is availablefrom both of the sub-bands, which enhances reliability.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that manymodifications and permutations may be made without departing from thescope of the present invention. For example, generalizations withdifferent number of stripes per burst and/or additional encoded bits areeasily possible.

As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, aspects of the presentinvention may be embodied as a tape storage medium, a write head module,a head module, methods or a computer program product. Furthermore,aspects of the present invention, such as the write method or the readmethod may take the form of a computer program product embodied in oneor more computer readable medium(s) having computer readable programcode embodied thereon. Accordingly, aspects of the present inventionwhich may execute the one or more methods may take the form of anentirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (includingfirmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodimentcombining software and hardware aspects that may all generally bereferred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.”

Any combination of one or more computer readable medium(s) may beutilized. The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signalmedium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readablestorage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic,magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system,apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. Morespecific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readablestorage medium would include the following: an electrical connectionhaving one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, arandom access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasableprogrammable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber,a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storagedevice, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of theforegoing. In the context of this document, a computer readable storagemedium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a programfor use by or in connection with an instruction execution system,apparatus, or device.

A computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signalwith computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, inbaseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated signal may takeany of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to,electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. Acomputer readable signal medium may be any computer readable medium thatis not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate,propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with aninstruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmittedusing any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless,wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination ofthe foregoing.

Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of thepresent invention may be written in any combination of one or moreprogramming languages, including an object oriented programming languagesuch as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like and conventional proceduralprogramming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similarprogramming languages. The program code may execute entirely on theuser's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alonesoftware package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remotecomputer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latterscenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computerthrough any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or awide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an externalcomputer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet ServiceProvider).

Computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of ageneral purpose computer, special purpose computer, or otherprogrammable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such thatthe instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer orother programmable data processing apparatus, create means forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computerreadable medium that can direct a computer, other programmable dataprocessing apparatus, or other devices to function in a particularmanner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readablemedium produce an article of manufacture including instructions whichimplement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks.

The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer,other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to causea series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, otherprogrammable apparatus or other devices to produce a computerimplemented process such that the instructions which execute on thecomputer or other programmable apparatus provide processes forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks.

1. A magnetic tape storage medium, comprising: at least one servo bandwith at least two sub-bands along a longitudinal extension of the tapestorage medium; servo bursts written to the at least two sub-bands forsupporting to determine positional information of the tape storagemedium; wherein, in a first of the at least two sub-bands, a first burstcomprises at least one servo stripe inclined at a first non-zero anglewith respect to a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal extension ofthe tape storage medium, followed by a second burst comprising at leastone servo stripe inclined at a second non-zero angle with respect to thedirection orthogonal to the longitudinal extension of the tape storagemedium, which second angle is different from the first angle; wherein,in a second of the at least two sub-bands, a first burst comprises atleast one servo stripe followed by a second burst comprising at leastone servo stripe, which stripes of the first and the second burst areparallel to each other.
 2. The magnetic tape storage medium of claim 1,wherein the stripes of the first and the second burst of the secondsub-band are aligned orthogonal to the longitudinal extension of thetape storage medium.
 3. The magnetic tape storage medium of claim 1,wherein the stripes of the first and the second burst of the secondsub-band are aligned non-orthogonal to the longitudinal extension of thetape storage medium.
 4. The magnetic tape storage medium of claim 1,wherein the number of stripes in the first burst of the first sub-bandis equal to the number of stripes in the second burst of the firstsub-band, and wherein the number of stripes in the first burst of thesecond sub-band is equal to the number of stripes in the second burst ofthe second sub-band.
 5. The magnetic tape storage medium of claim 1,wherein the number of stripes in the first burst of the first sub-bandis equal to the number of stripes in the first burst of the secondsub-band, and wherein the number of stripes in the second burst of thefirst sub-band is equal to the number of stripes in the second burst ofthe second sub-band.
 6. The magnetic tape storage medium of claim 1,wherein the number of stripes in the first burst of the first sub-bandis different from the number of stripes in the first burst of the secondsub-band, and wherein the number of stripes in the second burst of thefirst sub-band is different from the number of stripes in the secondburst of the second sub-band.
 7. The magnetic tape storage medium ofclaim 1, wherein: the first stripe of the first burst in the firstsub-band crosses a centerline of the first sub-band at the samelongitudinal position of the tape storage medium as the first stripe ofthe first burst in the second sub-band crosses a centerline of thesecond sub-band; the first stripe of the second burst in the firstsub-band crosses the centerline of the first sub-band at the samelongitudinal position as the first stripe of the second burst in thesecond sub-band crosses the centerline of the second sub-band; eachstripe of the first burst in the first sub-band crosses the centerlineof the first sub-band at the same longitudinal position as thecorresponding stripe of the first burst in the second sub-band crossesthe centerline of the second sub-band; and each stripe of the secondburst in the first sub-band crosses the centerline of the first sub-bandat the same longitudinal position as the corresponding stripe of thesecond burst in the second sub-band crosses the centerline of the secondsub-band.
 8. The magnetic tape storage medium of claim 1, wherein thefirst burst in the first sub-band and the first burst in the secondsub-band are mirrored into the second burst of the first sub-band andthe second burst of the second sub-band at a common centerlineorthogonal to the longitudinal extension of the tape storage mediumbetween the first and second bursts of the first and second sub-band. 9.The magnetic tape storage medium of claim 1, wherein: a servo frame ofthe first sub-band comprises the first burst and the second burst and athird burst following the second burst and a fourth burst following thethird burst; a servo frame of the second sub-band comprises the firstburst and the second burst and a third burst following the second burstand a fourth burst following the third burst; the third burst of thefirst sub-band comprises at least one servo stripe inclined at a firstnon-zero angle with respect to a direction orthogonal to thelongitudinal extension of the tape storage medium followed by at leastone servo stripe of the fourth burst of the first sub-band inclined at asecond non-zero angle with respect to the direction orthogonal to thelongitudinal extension of the tape storage medium, which second angle isdifferent from the first angle; the third burst of the second sub-bandcomprises at least one servo stripe followed by at least one servostripe of the fourth burst of the second sub-band, which stripes of thethird and the fourth burst of the second sub-band are parallel to eachother; the number of stripes in the third burst of each of the first andsecond sub-band is different to the number of stripes in the first burstof each of the first and second sub-band; and the number of stripes inthe fourth burst of each of the first and second sub-band is differentto the number of stripes in the second burst of each of the first andsecond sub-band.
 10. The magnetic tape storage medium of claim 1,wherein: a third of the at least two sub-bands comprises a first burstcomprising at least one servo stripe followed by a second burstcomprising at least one servo stripe which stripes of the first and thesecond burst of the third sub-band are parallel to each other; and thefirst sub-band is arranged between the third sub-band and the secondsub-band.
 11. The magnetic tape storage medium of claim 1, furthercomprising additional information encoded in the servo bursts of one ormore of the first and second sub-band, wherein the additionalinformation includes one or more of a servo band identifier and alongitudinal position of the tape storage medium.
 12. A write headmodule for writing a servo pattern to the magnetic tape storage mediumof claim 1, and for writing the first and the second servo burst of thefirst and second sub-band of the magnetic tape storage medium, the writehead module comprising: at least one coil configured to generate amagnetic flux when applying an electric current to the coil; and a polepiece structure configured to guide the generated magnetic flux, whereinthe pole piece structure comprises: a first section configured to writea servo pattern to the first sub-band of a servo band of the tapestorage medium, the first section comprising a first gap in the form ofa stripe inclined at a first non-zero angle with respect to a directionorthogonal to a longitudinal extension of the tape storage medium whenbeing written, and a second gap in the form of a stripe inclined at asecond non-zero angle with respect to a direction orthogonal to alongitudinal extension of the tape storage medium when being written,which second angle is different from the first angle; and a secondsection next to the first section for writing a servo pattern to asecond sub-band of the servo band of the tape storage medium, the secondsection comprising a first gap in the form of a stripe, and a second gapin the form of a stripe, which first and second gap are parallel to eachother.
 13. The write head module of claim 12, further comprising asingle coil configured to generate the magnetic flux across the firstand the second gap of the first section and the first and the second gapof the second section when applying an electric current to the singlecoil.
 14. The write head module of claim 12, further comprising: a firstcoil configured to generate the magnetic flux across the first and thesecond gap of the first section when applying an electric currentthereto; a second coil configured to generate the magnetic flux acrossthe first and the second gap of the second section when applying anelectric current thereto, wherein the electric current to the first coiland the electric current to the second coil are independentlyapplicable.
 15. A method for writing a servo pattern to a magnetic tapestorage medium with the write head module of claim 13, the methodcomprising: moving the magnetic tape storage medium and servo bandacross the first and second gaps of the write head module in a directionalong the longitudinal extension of the magnetic tape storage medium;applying a current pulse to the coil; continuing to move the magnetictape storage medium; and applying another current pulse to the coil. 16.A method for writing a servo pattern to a magnetic tape storage mediumwith a write head module of claim 14, the method comprising: moving themagnetic tape storage medium and servo band across the first and secondgaps of the write head module in a direction along the longitudinalextension of the magnetic tape storage medium; applying a current pulseto the first coil; continuing to move the magnetic tape storage medium;and applying a current pulse to the second coil.
 17. The method of claim16, wherein a current pulse is additionally applied to the second coilsimultaneous to applying the current pulse to the first coil.
 18. A headmodule configured for reading from a servo band of the magnetic tapestorage medium of claim 1, comprising: a first servo reader arranged forreading from the first sub-band; and a second servo reader arranged forreading from the second sub-band; wherein the first and the second servoreader are arranged in the head module next to each other.
 19. A methodfor reading from the magnetic tape storage medium of claim 1, the methodcomprising: reading the first and the second burst of the first sub-bandby a first servo reader; determining a first time interval betweenappearances of two corresponding stripes of the first and second burstin the read-back signal of the first servo reader; reading the first andthe second servo burst of the second sub-band by a second servo reader;determining a second time interval between appearances of twocorresponding stripes of the first and second burst in the read-backsignal of the second servo reader, and determining a lateral position ofa head module containing the first and the second servo reader withrespect to the tape storage medium dependent on the first and the secondtime interval.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein: an average firsttime interval is determined for the appearance of any two correspondingstripes of the first and second burst in the read-back signal of thefirst servo reader; an average second time interval is determined forthe appearance of any two corresponding stripes of the first and secondburst in the read-back signal of the second servo reader; and thelateral position of the head module is determined dependent on a ratioof the average first time interval and the average second time interval.